#Franz mesmer psychology professional#
10 Professional associations and governmental authorities.9.7 Objective Signs of the Hypnotic State: Breuer's Absent Pupillary Reflex Sign.9.2 Obstetric Application (Painless Childbirth).4.5 Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep.4.3 Neuropsychological theory of hypnosis.4.2 Social constructionism / Role-playing theory.4.1 Dissociation and neodissociation theories.In the first book on the subject, Neurypnology (1843), Braid described "hypnotism" as a state of physical relaxation ("nervous sleep") accompanied and induced by mental concentration ("abstraction"). The words 'hypnosis' and 'hypnotism' both derive from the term "neuro-hypnotism" (nervous sleep) coined by the Scottish physician and surgeon James Braid around 1841 to distinguish his theory and practice from those developed by Franz Anton Mesmer and his followers (" Mesmerism" or " animal magnetism").Īlthough a popular misconception is that hypnosis is a form of unconsciousness resembling sleep, contemporary research suggests that it is actually a wakeful state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility, with diminished peripheral awareness. The use of hypnotism for therapeutic purposes is referred to as " hypnotherapy". Hypnotic suggestions may be delivered by a hypnotist in the presence of the subject ("hetero-suggestion"), or may be self-administered ("self-suggestion" or "autosuggestion").
#Franz mesmer psychology series#
Hypnosis is a mental state (state theory) or set of attitudes (nonstate theory) usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. This banner appears on articles that are weak and whose contents should be approached with academic caution. Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself if you are qualified. This article is in need of attention from a psychologist/academic expert on the subject.
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